Scoliosis

The scoliosis is a lateral rachiocampsis in a face-to-face plane. The costal back hollow which is thus observed, forms deformation with camber sideways and behind - a kyphoscoliosis.

The scoliosis meets much more often, than of it think. The name receives a scoliosis on flexure level: cervical, thoracal or lumbar and according to the convex party of tortuosity. Thus it is possible to meet for example a right-hand thoracal scoliosis.

The scoliosis can be simple, or particulate, with one lateral arch of tortuosity, and complex - in the presence of several arches of tortuosity every which way and, at last, total if tortuosity grasps all column. It can be fixed and unstable, disappearing in horizontal position, for example at a shorting of one extremity. Simultaneously with a scoliosis its torsion, i.e. turn round an erect axis is usually observed also, and bodies of vertebra appear turned into the convex party, and acanthas in bent. The torsion promotes deformation of a thorax and its asymmetry, an internals is thus compressed and displaced.

The initial phenomena of a scoliosis can be found already in the early childhood, but at school age (10 - 15 years) it shows are most expressed.

Etiological distinguish scolioses congenital in which basis various deformations of vertebra lay:

• Underdevelopment
• Their clinoid form
• Additional vertebra etc.

The got scolioses concern:

• Rheumatic, arising usually subitaneously and caused by a muscular contracture on the healthy party in the presence of the myositis or spondylarthritis phenomena
• Rachitic which very much early show various deformations of a locomotorium. Softness of bones and delicacy of muscles, wearing of the child on arms (mainly on left), long sitting, especially at school, - all it favours to implication and scoliosis advance
• Paralytic, more often arising after a children's paralysis, at a secund muscular lesion, but can be observed and at other excitatory diseases
• Habitual, because of a habitual malposture (often them name "school" as at this age they receive the greatest expression). Is irregular arranged school desks, a seating of schoolboys without their growth and numbers of school desks, wearing of portfolios from the first classes, a holding of the child during walk for one arm etc. can be their Proximate cause

This list certainly covers not all kinds of scolioses, and only the basic.

It is considered to be, that the cause of a trauma of a loin are training overloads. Meanwhile, pains in the inferior part of a column where are is more often caused by usual daily activity of the human. In it the explanation, apparently, the strange contradiction when humans complain of a back pain never knowing sports also is covered. The most harmful is to sit. Surprisingly, but at sitting the column is loaded more strongly than when we stand! However, the raised load is is still hollow affairs. Till many hours to us to have to sit in the most harmful posture - having bent forward. In such position of edge of vertebra approach and jam an intervertebral disk from a cartilaginous tissue. In general this tissue differs the remarkable elasticity allowing it successfully to resist a compression. However it is necessary to consider, that at sitting force of pressure upon choronomic edge of a disk increases in 11 times. In addition proceeds not only within working and educational day, but it is frequent also at home.

By the way, how then to explain that simple fact, what having got tired of long standing we aspire to sit down? The cause that the back pain not always happens a consequence of an overload of intervertebral disks. Often the pain provokes muscles of a bottom of a back which at standing are able to a static strain. It is necessary to sit down, as muscles are relaxed, and the pain ceases. By the way, the strain of disks was rarely happens the pain cause. The trauma which has arisen for a long time is ill and now makes itself felt. When the human sits down, the injured range changes position. From here simplification illusion.

It is interesting to understand, why all the same sitting loads a column, than lentic position more strongly. An explanation that upright the body sustains both an atomy as a whole, and the big file of a musculation. As a result the load "is sprayed" on all body, and to a column becomes easier".

When the human sits down, the bolstering muscular corset of a trunk is relaxed, and all gravity of a body lays down on a rachis. From here and the traumas arising at long sitting.

It is necessary to underline, that in backboned disks the huge potential itself corrections is hidden. Even if you injured a disk, it will be recovered, if you manage to exclude influence injuring it.

Pressure upon intervertebral disks (in percentage of position standing) are resulted in table 1.

Table 1. Pressure upon intervertebral disks, in percentage of position standing

Treatment depends on age of the patient, a type of a scoliosis and degree of deformation of a column.

Children's scoliosis at I and II degrees of a rachiocampsis treat conservatively. The important condition of successful treatment is a high-grade and vitamin-rich food, regular stay on fresh air, outdoor games. The bed should be rigid for what on a bed stack a wooden board. The chair and a table on a workplace should correspond to growth. It is necessary to watch, that the child sat at a table directly, and feet thus reached it of a floor. The correct equipment of light is important also, and at sight disturbance its correction is obligatory. Regularly spend medical gymnastics and often prescribe wearing of corsets.

Conservative treatment spend also in special boarding schools for children with a scoliosis in which simultaneously with training under the usual program the necessary round-the-clock medical regimen is framed. One of leading agents of conservative treatment of a scoliosis are the physiotherapy exercises. Physical exercises make stabilising impact on a column, strengthening trunk muscles, allow to achieve corrective influence on deformation, to enrich a posture, external respiration function, give fortifying effect. Physiotherapy Exercises it is shown at all stages of development of a scoliosis, but it gives more successful results at initial forms of a scoliosis.

The physical exercises enlarging flexibility of a column and leading to its redistention are contraindicative. The complex of agents Physiotherapy Exercises applied at conservative treatment of a scoliosis includes:

• Medical gymnastics
• Exercises in water
• Massage
• Correction by position
• Sports elements

Physiotherapy Exercises it is combined with a regimen of the lowered static load on a column. Physiotherapy Exercises spend in the form of group employment, individual procedures (are mainly shown patients at unfavorable disease), and also the individual tasks which are carried out by patients independently. Procedure Physiotherapy Exercises is defined also by scoliosis degree: at a scoliosis I, III, it is referred IV degree on rising of fastness of a column (stabilisation of pathological process), and while at a scoliosis of II degree - also on deformation correction.

Scoliosis correction at performance of physical exercises is reached by change of position humeral, a pelvic girdle and a trunk of the patient. Exercises should be referred on rachiocampsis correction in a face-to-face plane. With the big guard for the purpose of correction apply the exercises extending a column, for example at wall bars.

Exercises of medical gymnastics should serve strengthening of the basic muscular bunches bolstering a column - the muscles straightening a column, slanting muscles of a gaste, square muscles of a loin, iliolumbar muscles, etc. From among the exercises promoting development of a correct posture, exercises on balance, balancing, with intensifying of the visual control are used, etc.

One of agents Physiotherapy Exercises is application of elements of sports:

• Swimming by style "BREAST STROKE" after a preliminary curriculum. Volleyball elements are shown children with the compensated flow of a scoliosis. Scoliosis preventive maintenance provides observance of a correct posture. At long sitting it is necessary to observe following rules:
• Sit nonmotilely not more longly 20 minutes
• Try to rise as it is possible is more often. The minimum duration of such "rest" - 10 seconds
• Sitting as it is possible is more often change position of feet: foots forward put their number, back, then, on the contrary, dissolve etc.
• Try to sit "correctly": sit down on chair edge that knees have been incurvated precisely under a right angle, ideally straighten a back and if it is possible, take out a part of a load from a column, having put direct elbows on armrests
• Periodically do special compensatory exercises:
• Hang and tighten knees to a breast. Make exercise the maximum number of times
• Accept on a floor a rack in a lap and the extended arms. Try to curve as much as possible a back upwards, and then as it is possible to bend more strongly it downwards. The morning gymnastics, improving training, productive leisure - a motorial minimum necessary for everyone human also develops it of walking, run, gymnastics and swimming. Besides exercises of fortifying, improving character, there are and many muscles of a prelum abdominale special, for example, for strengthening, a breast, posture enriching... These exercises allow to correct to some extent figure disadvantages, allow to own the body better. To carry out them it is possible at any convenient time:
• Together with a complex of morning exercices and during improving training
• During a lunch rest
• During Sunday walk for a city

The success will depend on duration and a regularity of employment.

The correct posture does us not only more attractive, but also in many respects promotes normal functioning of all organs and organism systems, is scoliosis preventive maintenance.

Following exercises considerably will strengthen muscles of a back and to keep a body in correct position:

• Initial position - standing, arms behind a head. With force shunt arms in the parties, having lifted arms upwards, cave in. Stand for 2-4 seconds and return to an initial position. Repeat 6-10 times. Breath arbitrary.
• Initial position - standing and holding behind the back a gymnastic stick (the top extremity is pressed to a head, inferior - to a basin). Sit down, return to an initial position. Bend forward, return to an initial position and, at last, bend to the right, then to the left. Each locomotion to execute 8-12 times.
• Initial position - laying on a gaste. Leaning against arms and, not tearing off hips from a floor, cave in. Stand in this position for 3-5 seconds, then return to an initial position.
• Initial position - standing on a walk from a wall. Having concerned with wall arms, cave in back, having lifted arms upwards, and return to an initial position. To repeat 5-8 times. Standing at a wall nestle on it a nucha, scapulas, breeches and heels. Then depart from a wall and try as it is possible to keep this position of a body more longly. If you work sitting periodically “be pressed by a back and a loin in a chair backrest and if there is a high headrest with effort rest against it a head.

And in summary: where you would not be, do not forget to supervise the posture. It will help you to avoid a scoliosis.