Hymenolepiasis

Hymenolepiasis - antroponose a helminthiasis proceeding with signs of a primary lesion of a gastrointestinal tract.

Aetiology. A tapeworm nanous - a small cestode in length of 15-30 mm, width 0,55-0,70 mm with very small head supplied with four suckers and a short rostel with a crown from 20-24 fine hooks. The body of a tapeworm consists of a thin neck and the big number (to 200) segments. A hermaphrodite.

Epidemiology. The hymenolepiasis has ubiquitous diffusion. An invasion source is the human.

Pathogenesis. The disease pathogenesis is in many respects defined by a development cycle of a parasite. The development cycle of a nanous tapeworm is characterised by consecutive development of larval and adult stages in a human body. Thus, the human for this helminth is both the mediate and basic master. The tapeworm lives in a thin intestine of the human. The eggs secured from a segment, contain the generated blastemal, are invasion and do not require an afterripening in an external environment. From the egg which have got to a mouth, and then in an intestine of the human, the oncosphere which activly takes root into a villus of a thin intestine is released. Later 5-7 days from an oncosphere educe a larva - a cysticercoid which blasts a villus, leaves in a lumen of a small bowel and is attached to its mucosa and in 14-15 days grows to an adult tapeworm.

Symptoms and flow. The hymenolepiasis sometimes proceeds asymptomatically, more often patients are disturbed by a nausea, vomiting, a heartburn, appetite change, and also dull aches in a gaste. Pains happen in the form of daily attacks or to rests in some days. For disease the unstable liquid and speeded up chair with a phlegm admixing is characteristic.

As a result of long diarrhoeia and appetite loss a weight loss is observed. At children the hymenolepiasis proceeds in more expressed and serious form. Diarrheas, attrition, the excitatory twitchings and even epileptiform attacks at children can be a hymenolepiasis consequence.

The expressed and characteristic changes of blood at a hymenolepiasis usually it does not become perceptible. Moderate depression of haemoglobin and small augmentation of eosinocytes is sometimes observed.

The diagnosis. The diagnosis is put on the basis of detection of eggs in excrements. Eggs of a tapeworm nanous are excreted cyclically, therefore at negative takes it is necessary to repeat analysises, and also to combine research of a native smear with flotation methods.