Stomach anatomy
Ventriculus, the stomach, represents bursiform dilating of a digestive tube. In a stomach there is a clump of nutrition after its transit through an esophagus and the first stages of digestion when firm components of nutrition pass in a liquid or pultaceous admixture stomach edge bent, turned upwards and to the right, is called as small curvature, curvatura ventriculi minor, edge convex, turned downwards and to the left, - the big curvature, curvatura ventriculi major proceeds. In a stomach distinguish forward and back sides. On small curvature, is closer to the target extremity of a stomach, than to entrance, the cutting where two fields of small curvature converge under an acute angle, angulus ventriculi is appreciable.
In a stomach distinguish following parts: the place of an orifice of an esophagus in a stomach is called ostium cardiacum; an adjacent part of a stomach - pars cardiaca; an exit place - pylorus, the gatekeeper, an adjacent part of a stomach - pars pylorica; the domed part of a stomach to the left from ostium cardiacum is called as a bottom or a crest. The body, is stretched from a crest of a stomach to раrs ру1оriса. Рагs ру1оriса it is parted in turn on antrum pyloricum - the nearest to a body of a stomach a field and canalis pyloricus - narrower, tubate part, adjacent it is immediate to pylorus.
Stomach topography
The stomach settles down in epigastrium; the stomach most part (nearby 5/6) is to the left from a median plane; the big curvature of a stomach at its filling is projected in umbilical range. The stomach is referred by the long axis from top to down, from left to right and behind beforehand; thus the inlet opening settles down to the left of a column behind a cartilage of VII left rib, on distance of 2,5-3 sm from breast bone edge; its projection behind corresponds to XI thoracal vertebra; it is considerably removed from a forward side of a gaste. The stomach crest reaches a bottom edge of V rib on lin. Mamillaris sin. The gatekeeper at an empty stomach lays on an average line or a little to the right from it against VIII right costal cartilage that corresponds to level of XII thoracal or I lumbar vertebra. At the filled condition the stomach above adjoins to the inferior surface of the left hepatic lobe and the left dome of a diaphragm, behind - with the top pole of a left kidney and an adrenal, with a lien, with a forward surface of pancreas, further below - with mesocolon and colon transversum, in front - with an abdominal wall between a liver on the right and ribs at the left. When the stomach is empty, it owing to reduction of the sides leaves in depth and the released space the cross-section colon so it can lay ahead of a stomach immediately under a diaphragm occupies. The stomach size strongly varies as individual, and depending on its filling. At average degree of a distention its length about 21-25 centimetres.
Stomach constitution
The stomach side consists of three covers:
- a mucosa with strongly educed submucosa
- a muscular coat
- a serous cover
Stomach arteries
Stomach arteries descend from truncus coeliacus and a. lienalis. On small curvature the anastomosis between a settles down. gastrica sinistra (from truncus coeliacus) and a. gastrica dextra (from a. hepatica communis), on big - aa. gastroepiploica sinistra (from a. lienalis) et gastroepiploica dextra (from a. gastroduodenalis). To fornix a stomach approach aa. gastricae breves from a. lienalis. The arterial arches surrounding a stomach, are the functional adaptation necessary for a stomach as for an organ, changing the the form and the dimensions: when the stomach is reduced, arteries coil, when it is stretched, arteries are straightened.
Veins of a stomach
Veins of a stomach corresponding on a course to arteries, run v. portae.
Stomach nerves
Stomach nerves are branches n. vagus et truncus sympathicus. N. vagus enhances a peristalsis of a stomach and secretion of its glands, relaxs a sphincter of the gatekeeper. Sympathetic nerves reduce a peristalsis, cause reduction of a sphincter of the gatekeeper, narrow pots, transfer sense of a pain.
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